THE DIFFERENCES IN FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DM PATIENTS TYPE-2 WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION IN PUSKESMAS CEMPAKA PUTIH DISTRICT CENTRAL JAKARTA

Heru Setiawan; Salbiah Salbiah

doi:10.59946/jfki.2022.86

THE DIFFERENCES IN FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DM PATIENTS TYPE-2 WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION IN PUSKESMAS CEMPAKA PUTIH DISTRICT CENTRAL JAKARTA

Heru Setiawan Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta III
Salbiah Salbiah

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59946/jfki.2022.86

Abstract

1. Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that occurs when blood glucose levels increase because the body cannot produce the hormone insulin or use insulin effectively. Lack of insulin or the inability of cells to respond to insulin causes high blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia, which is a hallmark of diabetes. Hyperglycemia, if left unchecked for a long time can cause damage to various organs of the body, leading to life-threatening health complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and eye disease, leading to retinopathy and blindness. However, if diabetes is managed properly, complications can be prevented. There are three main types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes or during pregnancy (Saeedi et al., 2019)
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predicts an increase in the number of people with diabetes from 10.0 million in 2015 to 16.2 million in 2040. With 10.0 million people with diabetes mellitus, Indonesia ranks 7th in the world (Raphaeli, 2017). The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts an increase in the number of people with diabetes in Indonesia from 8.4 million in 2000 to around 21.3 million in 2030. This report shows an increase in the number of people with diabetes by 2-3 times in 2035. Meanwhile The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predicts an increase in the number of people with diabetes in Indonesia from 9.1 million in 2014 to 14.1 million in 2035 (PERKENI, 2015).
Patients with hyperglycemia are often accompanied by metabolic syndromes such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, endothelial dysfunction and prothrombotic factors, all of which will trigger and exacerbate cardiovascular complications. Prolonged hyperglycemia can form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs can damage the inner walls of blood vessels and cause an inflammatory reaction that results in the formation of plaques or plates that make blood vessels hard, stiff, and thickened, causing blockage of blood vessels. Excess insulin levels cause increased sodium retention by the renal tubules which can cause hypertension. Hypertension in DM increases mortality and plays a role in the mechanism of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disorders, cerebral vascular disorders and the occurrence of kidney failure (Raphaeli, 2017).

Hypertension (HT) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cardiovascular disease plays a major role in the morbidity and mortality of DM patients. Basically, hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and its prevalence is increasing in DM. Therefore, the detection and management of high blood pressure is an important component of comprehensive clinical management in diabetics (Cryer et al., 2016).
Uncontrolled blood sugar levels in the body can cause various complications in type 2 diabetics, one of the complications that often occurs is macroangiopathy, namely complications in large blood vessels that affect changes in blood pressure. Based on the results of previous studies, it is known that the results showed normal blood sugar levels as many as 41 respondents (54.7%) and normal blood pressure as many as 42 respondents (56%). The results of the Spearman Rank test show that there is a significant correlation between blood sugar levels and blood pressure in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. There is a relationship between blood sugar levels and blood pressure. Controlled blood sugar levels can maintain blood pressure in the normal range, thereby preventing the occurrence of hypertension. Normal blood sugar levels indicate that the patient has good DM management (Setiyorini et al., 2018).
Based on the 2018 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of hypertension from the measurement results in the population aged 18 years was 34.1%, the highest was in South Kalimantan (44.1%), while the lowest was in Papua (22.2%). The estimated number of hypertension cases in Indonesia is 63,309,620 people, while the death rate in Indonesia due to hypertension is 427,218 deaths (Riskesdas, 2018). Based on data from the DKI Jakarta health profile in 2018 that the highest number of hypertension sufferers is in South Jakarta with 67,738 people receiving health services and the second highest is in the East Jakarta area of 65,025 people, while in Central Jakarta, 50,506 people receive health services. , with 17,570 people taking blood pressure measurements. The percentage of hypertension sufferers who receive health services is the highest in the Central Jakarta Region (71%) and the lowest in South Jakarta (0.3%) (DKI Health Office, 2018). Based on data from the DKI Jakarta health profile in 2019 that (69.23%) DKI Jakarta residents have used Puskesmas as health service facilities in addition to hospitals and other private health clinics. This is increasing with the passage of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program which facilitates and provides health service facilities for the public for civil servants and non-civil servants as well as high, middle and low social levels. The Cempaka Putih District Health Center is one of the health centers in the Central Jakarta area with the number of hypertension sufferers in 2020 of 7,793 people (Pusdatin PKC Cempaka Putih, 2020).
1.1 Research Methods and Results
This study collects secondary data using patient medical records at the Non-Communicable Diseases Polyclinic at the Cempaka Putih District Health Center with an analytic cross-sectional study design.
The sample in this study were two groups of patient data. The sample size was determined using the hypothesis test formula for the difference in the mean of 2 independent populations: Type equation here.
n_1=n_2=2[(Z_+Z_β )S/((X_1-X_2 ) )] ^2〗
n_1=n_2=2[(1,960+1,642)10.6/(179,7-168,1)] ^2〗=29,2

Pada penelitian ini peneliti membagi sampel menjadi dua kategori, yaitu DM tipe-2 dengan hipertensi sejumlah 30 sampel dan DM tipe-2 tanpa hipertensi sejumlah 30 sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sample yaitu dengan yaitu dengan mengambil data kadar glukosa darah dan tekanan darah pasien yang diukur dan diperiksa di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cempaka Putih. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil 60 data dari Sistem Informasi Penyakit tidak menular hasil pemeriksaan glukosa darah Puasa dan pemeriksaan tekanan darah pada periode tahun 2020 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cempaka Putih Jakarta Pusat.

Table 1 Hasil Distribusi Frekuensi Kadar Glukosa Darah dengan dan tanpa hipertensi

Karakteristik

Frekuensi (n)

Persentase (%)

Kadar Glukosa Darah

Normal

Hiperglikemia

Jumlah

100

Tabel 2 Hasil Distribusi Frekuensi Penderita DM Tipe-2 Berdasarkan jenis Kelamin

Karakteristik

Frekuensi (n)

Persentase (%)

Jenis Kelamin

Laki-Laki

Perempuan

Jumlah

100

Tabel 3 Distribusi Rata-rata Kadar Glukosa Darah dengan dan Tanpa Hipertensi.

KGD dengan Hipertensi

KGD Tanpa Hipertensi

Mean

186,6

169,5

56,71

77,43

Berdasarkan tabel 3 terlihat adanya selisih/ perbedaan nilai rata-rata kadar glukosa darah dengan dan tanpa hipertensi = 17,1 dan selisih nilai SD = 20,72. Untuk uji beda rata-ratanya digunakan uji Mann Whitney, karena datanya tidak terdistribusi normal dan hasil dapat dilihat pada table 4.

Tabel 4 Hasil uji Mann Whitney pada variabel pada Kadar Glukosa Darah Dengan dan tanpa Hipertensi

Nilai p

Keputusan uji

KGD dengan Hipertensi Tanpa Hipertensi

0,080

H₀ diterima

Berdasarkan tabel 4.5 hasil uji Mann Whitney (Non Parametrik) dengan α 0,05 didapatkan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,080 sehingga dapat diputuskan bahwa H₀ diterima artinya, pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara hasil glukosa darah dengan dan tanpa hipertensi. Kurangnya insulin atau ketidakmampuan sel untuk merespon insulin menyebabkan kadar glukosa darah tinggi atau hiperglikemia. Jika hiperglikemia dibiarkan dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada berbagai organ tubuh, mengarah pada penonaktifan dan komplikasi kesehatan yang mengancam jiwa seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, neuropati, nefropati dan penyakit mata yang menyebabkan retinopati dan kebutaan. Akan tetapi, Jika manajemen diabetes dilakukan dengan baik maka komplikasi dapat dicegah. Kadar insulin berlebih menimbulkan peningkatan retensi natrium oleh tubulus ginjal yang dapat menyebabkan hipertensi. Hipertensi pada DM meningkatkan mortalitas serta berperan dalam mekanisme terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner, gangguan pembuluh darah perifer, gangguan pembuluh darah serebral dan terjadinya gagal ginjal (Raphaeli, 2017).

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg pada dua kali pengukuran dengan selang waktu lima menit dalam keadaan cukup istirahat atau tenang. Peningkatan tekanan darah yang berlangsung dalam jangka waktu lama atau persisten dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada ginjal atau gagal ginjal, penyakit jantung koroner dan menyebabkan stroke apabila tidak dideteksi secara dini dan mendapat pengobatan yang memadai (Kemenkes RI, 2019). Hipertensi yang diderita seseorang erat kaitannya dengan tekanan sistolik dan diastolik atau keduanya secara terus menerus. Tekanan sistolik berkaitan dengan tingginya tekanan pada arteri bila jantung berkontraksi, sedangkan tekanan darah diastolik berkaitan dengan tekanan arteri pada saat jantung relaksasi diantara dua denyut jantung. Dari hasil pengukuran tekanan sistolik memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dari tekanan diastolic (Raphaeli, 2017).

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sebanyak 18 orang (30%) responden yang mempunyai kadar gula darah yang normal. Responden yang memiliki kadar gula darah yang hiperglikemia sebanyak 42 orang (70%). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan presentase kadar glukosa darah yang hiperglikemia lebih banyak, yang mengindikasikan bahwa responden masih belum mampu melakukan upaya yang tepat dalam mengendalikan kadar gula darahnya.

Pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa presentase kadar glukosa darah yang mengalami hiperglikemia lebih tinggi pada jenis kelamin perempuan dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Mutmainah (2013) dimana kasus DM lebih banyak terdapat pada perempuan dibanding laki-laki, hal ini kemungkinan karena faktor obesitas. Jumlah lemak pada perempuan sekitar 20-25% dari berat badan (BB) total lebih tinggi dari laki-laki dewasa yang berkisar antara 15-20% dari BB total, sehingga faktor resiko terjadinya diabetes pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan laki-laki (Mutmainah, 2013)

Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara kadar glukosa darah dengan dan tanpa hipertensi. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Raphaeli, (2017) yang menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian kadar glukosa darah dipengaruhi oleh diet, aktifitas fisik, kepatuhan minum obat dan pengetahuan. DM dalam menjalankan pengendalian kadar gula darah dengan baik adalah mengatur diet setiap penderita sesuai dengan prinsip 3J yaitu jumlah makanan, jenis makanan dan jadwal makanan. Salah satu manfaat yang diperoleh penderita DM dalam pengaturan makanan adalah dapat meningkatkan sensitifitas reseptor insulin sehingga akhirnya dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Kadar glukosa darah yang normal menunjukkan bahwa pasien memiliki manajemen DM yang baik (Raphaeli, 2017)

Hasil penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan setyorini,et.all hasilnya terdapat hubungan antara kadar gula darah dengan tekanan darah. Kadar gula darah yang terkontrol dapat mempertahankan tekanan darah dalam range normal, sehingga mencegah terjadinya hipertensi. Kadar glukosa yang normal mengindikasikan bahwa pasien memiliki manajemen DM yang baik. Pengendalian kadar glukosa darah yang tepat akan dapat mengendalikan tekanan darah pasien karena keberadaan penyakit penyerta DM tipe-2 merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terhadap kejadian hipertensi yang tidak terkendali. Resistensi insulin dan hiperinsulinemia pada penderita DM diyakini dapat meningkatkan resistensi vaskular perifer dan kontraktilitas otot polos vaskular melalui respon berlebihan terhadap norepinefrin dan angiotensin II. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah melalui mekanisme umpan balik fisiologis maupun sistem Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosteron. Kondisi hiperglikemia pada penderita DM juga menginduksi over ekspresi fibronektin dan kolagen IV yang memicu disfungsi endotel serta penebalan membran basal glomerulus yang berdampak pada penyakit ginjal (Setiyorini et.all., 2018).

1.1.1 Kesimpulan dan Saran.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perbedaan kadar glukosa darah pasien DM Tipe-2 dengan dan tanpa hipertensi maka diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut :

Sebagian besar kadar glukosa darah pasien DM tipe-2 dalam keadaan tinggi yaitu 42 pasien (70%) .
Pasien DM Tipe-2 terbanyak adalah perempuan yaitu 39 pasien (65%) dengan kadar glukosa darah yang tinggi dijumpai pada perempuan.
Nilai rata-rata kadar glukosa darah pada pasien Hipertensi adalah sebesar 186,7 mg/dL dengan standar deviasi sebesar 56,7
Nilai rata-rata kadar glukosa darah pada pasien tanpa hipertensi adalah sebesar 169,53 mg/dL dengan nilai SD 77,435.
Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar glukosa darah pasien DM Tipe-2 dengan hipertensi dan tanpa hipertensi.

Berdasarkan simpulan penelitian, saran yang dapat peneliti berikan adalah sebagai berikut.

Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yang menggunakan data primer dengan metode dan alat yang tervalidasi sehingga dapat memberikan hasil yang berbeda dari penelitian ini.

Bagi pasien DM untuk tetap mengontrol dan mengatur pola makan dan aktivitas agar kadar insulin dan tekanan darah tetap berada dalam batas normal untuk menjaga keseimbangan kadar glukosa darah selama menjalani masa terapi pengobatan untuk mencegah komplikasi penyakit lain.

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Published

2022-04-26

How to Cite

Setiawan, H., & Salbiah, S. (2022). THE DIFFERENCES IN FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DM PATIENTS TYPE-2 WITH AND WITHOUT HYPERTENSION IN PUSKESMAS CEMPAKA PUTIH DISTRICT CENTRAL JAKARTA. Jurnal Fisioterapi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 2(1), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.59946/jfki.2022.86

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Author names and affiliations

Author names should not contain academic title, official rank, or professional position. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and last/family name(s) -full name if possible- of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Write clear affiliation of all Authors. Affiliation includes name of department/unit, (faculty), the name of university/institution, complete postal address, and country. All contributing author should be shown in contribution order.

Corresponding author

Clearly indicate the corresponding author clearly for handling all stages of pre-publication, refereeing, and post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.

Present/permanent address

If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract and keywords

Abstract

Abstract should be concise and factual, contains neither pictures nor tables, and should not exceed 250 words. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, research materials and methods, the principal results, and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Graphical abstract

A graphical abstract is optional. Its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a supplementary file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.

Keywords

The keywords should be avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts. Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Instruments

Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Units

Define abbreviations and acronyms at the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc, and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.

Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-inch disk drive.”Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.

Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: “Wb/m²” or “webers per square meter,” not “webers/m².” Spell units when they appear in text: “...a few henries,” not “...a few H.” Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm3,” not “cc”.

Math formulae

Mathematical equation should be clearly written, numbered orderly, and should be an editable text prepared using MS Equation Editor (not in image format) and should also be separated from the surrounding text. Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before or immediately following the equation. Use “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ...”. Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign.

Header-footer and hyperlink

Header and footer including page number must not be used. All hypertext links and section bookmarks will be removed from papers. If you need to refer to an Internet email address or URL in your paper, you must type out the address or URL fully in Regular font.

Footnotes

Footnotes should be avoided if possible. Necessary footnotes should be denoted in the text by consecutive superscript letters. The footnotes should be typed at the foot of the page in which they are mentioned, and separated from the main text by a short line extending at the foot of the column.

Figure and table

Figure should be in grayscale, and if it made in color, it should be readable (if it later printed in grayscale). A caption should be sequentially numbered with Arabic numerals and comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. The lettering on the artwork should be clearly readable and in a proportional measure and should have a finished, printed size of 8 pt for normal text and no smaller than 6 pt for subscript and superscript characters. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As an example, write the quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization, M,” not just “M.” If including units in the label, present them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. In the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (A ( m(1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”

Figures should have a brief description in the main body of the manuscript. Insert figures and tables after they are cited in the text. For layouting purpose, please provide high resolution figure (≥300dpi) in .tif/.jpg/.jpeg. Low-quality scans are not acceptable. Figures and tables should be embedded and not supplied separately. Moreover, kindly avoid mentioning the position of figure/table e.g. “figure below” or “table as follow” because the position will be rearranged in layouting process. DO NOT put boxes around your figures to enclose them.

We suggest that you use a text box to insert a graphic (which is ideally at least 300 dpi resolution TIFF or EPS file with all fonts embedded) because this method is somewhat more stable than directly inserting a picture. To have non-visible rules on your frame, use the MSWord “Format” pull-down menu, select Text Box > Colors and Lines to choose No Fill and No Line.

Image manipulation

Whilst it is accepted that authors sometimes need to manipulate images for clarity, manipulation for purposes of deception or fraud will be seen as scientific ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. For graphical images, this journal is applying the following policy: no specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original.

Electronic artwork

General points:

Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.

Formats

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):

EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.

Please do not:

Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
Supply files that are too low in resolution.
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Figure captions

Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. figure caption of a single line must be centered whereas multi-line captions must be justified

Tables

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Number tables consecutively with Arabic numerals in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

Construction of references

References are recommended using IEEE referencing style. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). References should be listed at the end of the paper and numbered in the order of their appearance in the text. The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] was the first ...”

Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. Wikipedia, personal blog, or non-scientific website is not allowed to be taken into account. Primary references should be at least 80% from at least fifteen references. References should be taken from the late ten years.

Avoid bulk references such as [1–9]. Avoid excessive self-citations (no more than 20%). If possible, article’s DOI should be given for each reference list. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.

Reference formatting

There are two types of references, i.e., electronics sources and nonelectronics sources. Sample of correct formats for various types of references are as follows

Book: Author, Title. edition, editor , City, State or Country: Publisher, year, Pages.
Part of book: Author, “Title”, in Book, edition, editor, City, State or Country: Publisher, year, Pages.
Periodical: Author, “Title”, Journal, volume (issue), pages, month, year.
Proceeding: Author, “Title”, in Proceeding, year, pages.
Unpublished paper: Author, “Title”, presented at Conference/ event title, City, State or Country, year.
Paten/Standart: Author, “Title”, patent number, month day, year.
Technical report: Author, “Title”, Company, City, State or Country, Tech. Rep. Number, month, year.

Three pieces of information are required to complete each reference from electronics sources: 1) protocol or service; 2) location where the item is to be found; and 3) item to be retrieved. Sample of correct formats for electronics source references are as follows:

Book: Author. (year, month day). Title. (edition) [Type of medium]. volume (issue). Available: site/path/file.
Periodical: Author. (year, month). Title. Journal. [Type of medium]. volume (issue), pages. Available: site/path/file.
Papers presented at conferences: Author. (year, month). Title. Presented at Conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file.
Reports and handbooks: Author. (year, month). Title. Company. City, State or Country. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file.

Reference management software

Every article submitted to MEV Journal shall use reference management software that supports Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley and Zotero, as well as EndNote®.

Peer review

MEV uses an online submission and review system. The submission and peer review of every article must be managed using this system and based on following Peer Review Policy.

MEV Editorial Board is responsible for the selection of papers and selection of reviewers.
Articles must typically be reviewed by at least two independent reviewers.
Reviewers are unaware of the identity of the authors, and authors are also unaware of the identity of reviewers (double blind review method)
Reviewing process will consider novelty, objectivity, method, scientific impact, conclusion, and references.
Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding the submission based on reviewer’s recommendation. The Editor's decision is final.
MEV Editorial Board shall protect the confidentiality of all material submitted to the journal and all communications with reviewers.

Complete Peer Review Policy can be found on Peer Review Policy page More information.

After acceptance

Online copyediting

Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online copyediting system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.

Please use this copyediting stage only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor.

It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as the inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Copyright transfer

Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under CC License CC BY-NC-SA.

Offprints

The corresponding author will be notified and receive a link to the published version of the open access article on MEV Journal archive page. This link is in the form of an article DOI link which can be shared via email and social networks. The printed version can be ordered via MEV Printed Version Order Form which is available on MEV official webpage.

Author inquiries

For inquiries relating to MEV Journal, please visit our secretariat at secretariat@mevjournal.com. You can track accepted articles at http://www.mevjournal.com. E-mail alerts and notification will inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.

Download the ‘Author Information Pack’

Download the ‘Author Submission Template’ | for author

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Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work.
I hereby stated that this manusrcipt have no plagiarism matter.
I declare the submission has no potential conflict of interest.
I hereby stated that this manusrcipt have never been previously published in any other scientific publication and not being under reviewing process of any other scientific publication.
The submitted manuscript contains no least than 2.000 words and not exceed 25 pages A4 including figures and tables, without any appendixes.
The submitted manuscript has been written using Open Office Text Document (.odt) or Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx).
Title already brief and concise, written in English, and less than 15 words.
Abstract already brief and concise and not exceed 150 words in English.
Keywords are written in English, between three to five phrase.
The manuscript structure already consist: Introduction, Method/Material, Result and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement, and References.
References are written according the writing style of MEV. The primary references are no less than 80% from at least fifteen sources and had been taken from the late ten year publications.
The instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed to the submitted manuscript.
(At least) two scientific referees have been suggested in "Comments for the Editor" textbox in the bottom of this page.

Copyright Notice

Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions of Publication

1. As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:

make copies (print or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use;
make copies and distribute such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially or systematically, e.g. via an e-mail list or list server);
present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute copies of the article to the delegates attending such meeting;
for your employer, if the article is a ‘work for hire’, made within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use (e.g. training);
retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the article;
include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially);
use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal;
may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the article, material extracted from the article, or derivative works for the author’s personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies RCEPM-LIPI endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.

All copies, print or electronic, or other use of the paper or article must include the appropriate bibliographic citation for the article’s publication in the journal.

2. Requests from third parties

Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the article in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use. Requests for all uses not included above, including the authorization of third parties to reproduce or otherwise use all or part of the article (including figures and tables), should be referred to RCEPM-LIPI by going to our website athttp://telimek.lipi.go.id.

3. Author Online Use

Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from RCEPM-LIPI, provided that the posted version includes a prominently displayed RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice and, when published, a full citation to the original publication, including a link to the article abstract in the journal homepage. Authors shall not post the final, published versions of their papers;
Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author’s personal web site or the servers of the author’s institution or company in connection with the author’s teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
Electronic Preprints. Before submitting an article to an MEV Journal, authors frequently post their manuscripts to their own web site, their employer’s site, or to another server that invites constructive comment from colleagues. Upon submission of an article to MEV Journal, an author is required to transfer copyright in the article to RCEPM-LIPI, and the author must update any previously posted version of the article with a prominently displayed RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice. Upon publication of an article by the RCEPM-LIPI, the author must replace any previously posted electronic versions of the article with either (1) the full citation to the work with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or link to the article abstract in MEV journal homepage, or (2) the accepted version only (not the final, published version), including the RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice and full citation, with a link to the final, published article in journal homepage.

4. Articles in Press (AiP) service

RCEPM-LIPI may choose to publish an abstract or portions of the paper before we publish it in the journal. Please contact our Production department immediately if you do not want us to make any such prior publication for any reason, including disclosure of a patentable invention.

5. Author/Employer Rights

If you are employed and prepared the article on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the article belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, RCEPM-LIPI assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.

6. RCEPM-LIPI Copyright Ownership

It is the formal policy of RCEPM-LIPI to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of the RCEPM-LIPI, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others. RCEPM-LIPI distributes its technical publications throughout the world and does so by various means such as hard copy, microfiche, microfilm, and electronic media. It also abstracts and may translate its publications, and articles contained therein, for inclusion in various compendiums, collective works, databases and similar publications

Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication.