Gambaran Kelelahan Mata Pada Pekerja Bengkel Las

Cornelis Novianus

doi:10.59946/jfki.2025.403

Gambaran Kelelahan Mata Pada Pekerja Bengkel Las

Cornelis Novianus Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59946/jfki.2025.403

Abstract

Eye fatigue is a symptom caused by excessive exertion of the visual system when under suboptimal conditions to achieve visual acuity. Welders are highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can affect eye function. The aim of this study is to description of eye fatigue in welding workshop workers. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method with a sample size of 65 workers, selected using the total sampling technique. The results showed that 81.5% of welding workers experienced eye fatigue; 81.5% were exposed to welding for more than 5 hours; 80% did not use personal protective equipment (PPE); 63.1% welded at a distance of less than 52 cm; and 60% were exposed to high levels of UV radiation. It is recommended that welding workers consistently use appropriate ppe and take short eye breaks of 10–15 minutes per hour to reduce eye fatigue. Workshop owners are also encouraged to provide ppe that is suitable for the hazards present in welding activities.

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Published

2025-06-05

How to Cite

Novianus, C. (2025). Gambaran Kelelahan Mata Pada Pekerja Bengkel Las. Jurnal Fisioterapi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 5(01), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.59946/jfki.2025.403

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Footnotes should be avoided if possible. Necessary footnotes should be denoted in the text by consecutive superscript letters. The footnotes should be typed at the foot of the page in which they are mentioned, and separated from the main text by a short line extending at the foot of the column.

Figure and table

Figure should be in grayscale, and if it made in color, it should be readable (if it later printed in grayscale). A caption should be sequentially numbered with Arabic numerals and comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. The lettering on the artwork should be clearly readable and in a proportional measure and should have a finished, printed size of 8 pt for normal text and no smaller than 6 pt for subscript and superscript characters. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As an example, write the quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization, M,” not just “M.” If including units in the label, present them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. In the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (A ( m(1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”

Figures should have a brief description in the main body of the manuscript. Insert figures and tables after they are cited in the text. For layouting purpose, please provide high resolution figure (≥300dpi) in .tif/.jpg/.jpeg. Low-quality scans are not acceptable. Figures and tables should be embedded and not supplied separately. Moreover, kindly avoid mentioning the position of figure/table e.g. “figure below” or “table as follow” because the position will be rearranged in layouting process. DO NOT put boxes around your figures to enclose them.

We suggest that you use a text box to insert a graphic (which is ideally at least 300 dpi resolution TIFF or EPS file with all fonts embedded) because this method is somewhat more stable than directly inserting a picture. To have non-visible rules on your frame, use the MSWord “Format” pull-down menu, select Text Box > Colors and Lines to choose No Fill and No Line.

Image manipulation

Whilst it is accepted that authors sometimes need to manipulate images for clarity, manipulation for purposes of deception or fraud will be seen as scientific ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. For graphical images, this journal is applying the following policy: no specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original.

Electronic artwork

General points:

Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.

Formats

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):

EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.

Please do not:

Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
Supply files that are too low in resolution.
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Figure captions

Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. figure caption of a single line must be centered whereas multi-line captions must be justified

Tables

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Number tables consecutively with Arabic numerals in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

Construction of references

References are recommended using IEEE referencing style. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). References should be listed at the end of the paper and numbered in the order of their appearance in the text. The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] was the first ...”

Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. Wikipedia, personal blog, or non-scientific website is not allowed to be taken into account. Primary references should be at least 80% from at least fifteen references. References should be taken from the late ten years.

Avoid bulk references such as [1–9]. Avoid excessive self-citations (no more than 20%). If possible, article’s DOI should be given for each reference list. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.

Reference formatting

There are two types of references, i.e., electronics sources and nonelectronics sources. Sample of correct formats for various types of references are as follows

Book: Author, Title. edition, editor , City, State or Country: Publisher, year, Pages.
Part of book: Author, “Title”, in Book, edition, editor, City, State or Country: Publisher, year, Pages.
Periodical: Author, “Title”, Journal, volume (issue), pages, month, year.
Proceeding: Author, “Title”, in Proceeding, year, pages.
Unpublished paper: Author, “Title”, presented at Conference/ event title, City, State or Country, year.
Paten/Standart: Author, “Title”, patent number, month day, year.
Technical report: Author, “Title”, Company, City, State or Country, Tech. Rep. Number, month, year.

Three pieces of information are required to complete each reference from electronics sources: 1) protocol or service; 2) location where the item is to be found; and 3) item to be retrieved. Sample of correct formats for electronics source references are as follows:

Book: Author. (year, month day). Title. (edition) [Type of medium]. volume (issue). Available: site/path/file.
Periodical: Author. (year, month). Title. Journal. [Type of medium]. volume (issue), pages. Available: site/path/file.
Papers presented at conferences: Author. (year, month). Title. Presented at Conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file.
Reports and handbooks: Author. (year, month). Title. Company. City, State or Country. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file.

Reference management software

Every article submitted to MEV Journal shall use reference management software that supports Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley and Zotero, as well as EndNote®.

Peer review

MEV uses an online submission and review system. The submission and peer review of every article must be managed using this system and based on following Peer Review Policy.

MEV Editorial Board is responsible for the selection of papers and selection of reviewers.
Articles must typically be reviewed by at least two independent reviewers.
Reviewers are unaware of the identity of the authors, and authors are also unaware of the identity of reviewers (double blind review method)
Reviewing process will consider novelty, objectivity, method, scientific impact, conclusion, and references.
Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding the submission based on reviewer’s recommendation. The Editor's decision is final.
MEV Editorial Board shall protect the confidentiality of all material submitted to the journal and all communications with reviewers.

Complete Peer Review Policy can be found on Peer Review Policy page More information.

After acceptance

Online copyediting

Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online copyediting system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.

Please use this copyediting stage only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor.

It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as the inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Copyright transfer

Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under CC License CC BY-NC-SA.

Offprints

The corresponding author will be notified and receive a link to the published version of the open access article on MEV Journal archive page. This link is in the form of an article DOI link which can be shared via email and social networks. The printed version can be ordered via MEV Printed Version Order Form which is available on MEV official webpage.

Author inquiries

For inquiries relating to MEV Journal, please visit our secretariat at secretariat@mevjournal.com. You can track accepted articles at http://www.mevjournal.com. E-mail alerts and notification will inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.

Download the ‘Author Information Pack’

Download the ‘Author Submission Template’ | for author

Download the ‘Camera Ready Template’ | for layouter

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work.
I hereby stated that this manusrcipt have no plagiarism matter.
I declare the submission has no potential conflict of interest.
I hereby stated that this manusrcipt have never been previously published in any other scientific publication and not being under reviewing process of any other scientific publication.
The submitted manuscript contains no least than 2.000 words and not exceed 25 pages A4 including figures and tables, without any appendixes.
The submitted manuscript has been written using Open Office Text Document (.odt) or Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx).
Title already brief and concise, written in English, and less than 15 words.
Abstract already brief and concise and not exceed 150 words in English.
Keywords are written in English, between three to five phrase.
The manuscript structure already consist: Introduction, Method/Material, Result and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement, and References.
References are written according the writing style of MEV. The primary references are no less than 80% from at least fifteen sources and had been taken from the late ten year publications.
The instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed to the submitted manuscript.
(At least) two scientific referees have been suggested in "Comments for the Editor" textbox in the bottom of this page.

Copyright Notice

Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions of Publication

1. As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:

make copies (print or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use;
make copies and distribute such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially or systematically, e.g. via an e-mail list or list server);
present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute copies of the article to the delegates attending such meeting;
for your employer, if the article is a ‘work for hire’, made within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use (e.g. training);
retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the article;
include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially);
use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal;
may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the article, material extracted from the article, or derivative works for the author’s personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies RCEPM-LIPI endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.

All copies, print or electronic, or other use of the paper or article must include the appropriate bibliographic citation for the article’s publication in the journal.

2. Requests from third parties

Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the article in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use. Requests for all uses not included above, including the authorization of third parties to reproduce or otherwise use all or part of the article (including figures and tables), should be referred to RCEPM-LIPI by going to our website athttp://telimek.lipi.go.id.

3. Author Online Use

Personal Servers. Authors and/or their employers shall have the right to post the accepted version of articles pre-print version of the article, or revised personal version of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on their own personal servers or the servers of their institutions or employers without permission from RCEPM-LIPI, provided that the posted version includes a prominently displayed RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice and, when published, a full citation to the original publication, including a link to the article abstract in the journal homepage. Authors shall not post the final, published versions of their papers;
Classroom or Internal Training Use. An author is expressly permitted to post any portion of the accepted version of his/her own articles on the author’s personal web site or the servers of the author’s institution or company in connection with the author’s teaching, training, or work responsibilities, provided that the appropriate copyright, credit, and reuse notices appear prominently with the posted material. Examples of permitted uses are lecture materials, course packs, e-reserves, conference presentations, or in-house training courses;
Electronic Preprints. Before submitting an article to an MEV Journal, authors frequently post their manuscripts to their own web site, their employer’s site, or to another server that invites constructive comment from colleagues. Upon submission of an article to MEV Journal, an author is required to transfer copyright in the article to RCEPM-LIPI, and the author must update any previously posted version of the article with a prominently displayed RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice. Upon publication of an article by the RCEPM-LIPI, the author must replace any previously posted electronic versions of the article with either (1) the full citation to the work with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or link to the article abstract in MEV journal homepage, or (2) the accepted version only (not the final, published version), including the RCEPM-LIPI copyright notice and full citation, with a link to the final, published article in journal homepage.

4. Articles in Press (AiP) service

RCEPM-LIPI may choose to publish an abstract or portions of the paper before we publish it in the journal. Please contact our Production department immediately if you do not want us to make any such prior publication for any reason, including disclosure of a patentable invention.

5. Author/Employer Rights

If you are employed and prepared the article on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the article belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, RCEPM-LIPI assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.

6. RCEPM-LIPI Copyright Ownership

It is the formal policy of RCEPM-LIPI to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of the RCEPM-LIPI, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others. RCEPM-LIPI distributes its technical publications throughout the world and does so by various means such as hard copy, microfiche, microfilm, and electronic media. It also abstracts and may translate its publications, and articles contained therein, for inclusion in various compendiums, collective works, databases and similar publications

Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication.